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The most common sensor used to measure the flow of a liquid is a Flow Sensor. By using a flow sensor with a microcontroller like Arduino, we can calculate the flow rate, and check the volume of liquid that has passed through a pipe, and control it as required. Apart from manufacturing industries, flow sensors can also be found in the agriculture sector, food processing, water management, mining industry, water recycling, coffee machines, etc. Further, a water flow sensor will be a good addition to projects like Automatic Water Dispenser and Smart Irrigation Systems where we need to monitor and control the flow of liquids.

Components:

1. Water Flow Sensor
2. Arduino UNO
3. LCD (16x2)
4. Connector with internal threading
5. Connecting wires
6. Pipe

Code:
volatile int flow_frequency; // Measures flow sensor pulses
// Calculated litres/hour
 float vol = 0.0,l_minute;
unsigned char flowsensor = 2; // Sensor Input
unsigned long currentTime;
unsigned long cloopTime;
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 9);
void flow () // Interrupt function
{
   flow_frequency++;
}
void setup()
{
   pinMode(flowsensor, INPUT);
   digitalWrite(flowsensor, HIGH); // Optional Internal Pull-Up
   Serial.begin(9600);
   lcd.begin(16, 2);
   attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(flowsensor), flow, RISING); // Setup Interrupt
   lcd.clear();
   lcd.setCursor(0,0);
   lcd.print("Water Flow Meter");
   lcd.setCursor(0,1);
   lcd.print("Circuit Digest");
   currentTime = millis();
   cloopTime = currentTime;
}
void loop ()
{
   currentTime = millis();
   // Every second, calculate and print litres/hour
   if(currentTime >= (cloopTime + 1000))
   {
    cloopTime = currentTime; // Updates cloopTime
    if(flow_frequency != 0){
      // Pulse frequency (Hz) = 7.5Q, Q is flow rate in L/min.
      l_minute = (flow_frequency / 7.5); // (Pulse frequency x 60 min) / 7.5Q = flowrate in L/hour
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0,0);
      lcd.print("Rate: ");
      lcd.print(l_minute);
      lcd.print(" L/M");
      l_minute = l_minute/60;
      lcd.setCursor(0,1);
      vol = vol +l_minute;
      lcd.print("Vol:");
      lcd.print(vol);
      lcd.print(" L");
      flow_frequency = 0; // Reset Counter
      Serial.print(l_minute, DEC); // Print litres/hour
      Serial.println(" L/Sec");
    }
    else {
      Serial.println(" flow rate = 0 ");
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0,0);
      lcd.print("Rate: ");
      lcd.print( flow_frequency );
      lcd.print(" L/M");
      lcd.setCursor(0,1);
      lcd.print("Vol:");
      lcd.print(vol);
      lcd.print(" L");
    }
   }
}